Beyond Linux® From Scratch (systemd Edition) - Version r13.0-1271

Chapter 13. Programming

Git-2.55.0

Introduction to Git

Git is a free and open source, distributed version control system designed to handle everything from small to very large projects with speed and efficiency. Every Git clone is a full-fledged repository with complete history and full revision tracking capabilities, not dependent on network access or a central server. Branching and merging are fast and easy to do. Git is used for version control of files, much like tools such as mercurial-7.2.4, Bazaar, Subversion-1.14.5, CVS, Perforce, and Team Foundation Server.

[Note]

Note

This package is known to build and work properly using an LFS 13.1 platform.

Package Information

  • Download (HTTP): https://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/git-2.55.0.tar.xz

  • Download MD5 sum: 758c02a1b621cc0868ee0a0d99573e6b

  • Download size: 7.8 MB

  • Estimated disk space required: 403 MB (with tests and downloaded documentation; add 22 MB for building docs)

  • Estimated build time: 0.4 SBU (add 2.0 SBU for tests (disk speed dependent) and 1.0 SBU for building docs (all with parallelism=4)

Additional Downloads

Git Dependencies

Recommended

cURL-8.21.0 (needed to use Git over http, https, ftp or ftps) and rustc-1.97.1

Optional

Apache-2.4.68 (for some tests), Fcron-3.4.1 (runtime, for scheduling git maintenance jobs), GnuPG-2.5.21 (runtime, may be used to sign Git commits or tags, or verify the signatures of them), OpenSSH-10.5p1 (runtime, needed to use Git over ssh), Subversion-1.14.5 with Perl bindings (runtime, for git svn), Tk-8.6.18 (gitk, a simple Git repository viewer, uses Tk at runtime), Valgrind-3.27.1, Authen::SASL (runtime, for git send-email), IO-Socket-SSL-2.099 (runtime, for git send-email to connect to a SMTP server with SSL encryption), and Systemd-261.2 (runtime, rebuilt with Linux-PAM-1.7.2, for scheduling git maintenance jobs)

Optional (to create the man pages, html docs and other docs)

xmlto-0.0.29 and asciidoc-10.2.1, and also dblatex (for the PDF version of the user manual), and docbook2x to create info pages

Installation of Git

Install Git by running the following commands: 

./configure --prefix=/usr                   \
            --with-gitconfig=/etc/gitconfig \
            --with-python=python3           \
            --with-libpcre2                 &&
make

You can build the man pages and/or html docs, or use downloaded ones. If you choose to build them, use the next two instructions.

If you have installed asciidoc-10.2.1 you can create the html version of the man pages and other docs: 

make html

If you have installed asciidoc-10.2.1 and xmlto-0.0.29 you can create the man pages: 

make man

The test suite can be run in parallel mode. To run the test suite, issue: GIT_UNZIP=nonexist make test -k. The GIT_UNZIP setting prevents the test suite from using unzip, we need it because in BLFS unzip is a symlink to bsdunzip which does not satisfy the assumption of some tests cases. If any test case fails, the list of failed tests can be shown via make -C t aggregate-results.

Now, as the root user: 

make perllibdir=/usr/lib/perl5/5.44/site_perl install

If you created the man pages and/or html docs

Install the man pages as the root user: 

make install-man

Install the html docs as the root user: 

make htmldir=/usr/share/doc/git-2.55.0 install-html

If you downloaded the man pages and/or html docs

If you downloaded the man pages untar them as the root user: 

tar -xf ../git-manpages-2.55.0.tar.xz \
    -C /usr/share/man --no-same-owner --no-overwrite-dir

If you downloaded the html docs untar them as the root user: 

mkdir -vp   /usr/share/doc/git-2.55.0 &&
tar   -xf   ../git-htmldocs-2.55.0.tar.xz \
      -C    /usr/share/doc/git-2.55.0 --no-same-owner --no-overwrite-dir &&

find        /usr/share/doc/git-2.55.0 -type d -exec chmod 755 {} \; &&
find        /usr/share/doc/git-2.55.0 -type f -exec chmod 644 {} \;

Reorganize text and html in the html-docs (both methods)

For both methods, the html-docs include a lot of plain text files. Reorganize the files as the root user: 

mkdir -vp /usr/share/doc/git-2.55.0/man-pages/{html,text}         &&
mv        /usr/share/doc/git-2.55.0/{git*.adoc,man-pages/text}     &&
mv        /usr/share/doc/git-2.55.0/{git*.,index.,man-pages/}html &&

mkdir -vp /usr/share/doc/git-2.55.0/technical/{html,text}         &&
mv        /usr/share/doc/git-2.55.0/technical/{*.adoc,text}        &&
mv        /usr/share/doc/git-2.55.0/technical/{*.,}html           &&

mkdir -vp /usr/share/doc/git-2.55.0/howto/{html,text}             &&
mv        /usr/share/doc/git-2.55.0/howto/{*.adoc,text}            &&
mv        /usr/share/doc/git-2.55.0/howto/{*.,}html               &&

sed -i '/^<a href=/s|howto/|&html/|' /usr/share/doc/git-2.55.0/howto-index.html &&
sed -i '/^\* link:/s|howto/|&html/|' /usr/share/doc/git-2.55.0/howto-index.adoc

Command Explanations

--with-gitconfig=/etc/gitconfig: This sets /etc/gitconfig as the file that stores the default, system wide, Git settings.

--with-python=python3: Use this switch to use Python 3, instead of the EOL'ed Python 2. Python is used for the git p4 interface to Perforce repositories, and also used in some tests.

--with-libpcre2: This ensures building git grep with the PCRE2 library installed in LFS, so git grep will support the --perl-regexp option.

NO_RUST=1: Pass this environment variable to make if rustc-1.97.1 is not installed.

tar -xf ../git-manpages-2.55.0.tar.gz -C /usr/share/man --no-same-owner: This untars git-manpages-2.55.0.tar.gz. The -C option makes tar change directory to /usr/share/man before it starts to decompress the docs. The --no-same-owner option stops tar from preserving the user and group details of the files. This is useful as that user or group may not exist on your system; this could (potentially) be a security risk.

mv /usr/share/doc/git-2.55.0 ...: These commands move some of the files into subfolders to make it easier to sort through the docs and find what you're looking for.

find ... chmod ...: These commands correct the permissions in the shipped documentation tar file.

Configuring Git

Config Files

~/.gitconfig and /etc/gitconfig

Contents

Installed Programs: git, git-receive-pack, git-upload-archive, and git-upload-pack (hardlinked to each other), git-cvsserver, git-shell, gitk, and scalar
Installed Libraries: None
Installed Directories: /usr/libexec/git-core, /usr/lib/perl5/5.44/site_perl/Git, and /usr/share/{doc/git-2.55.0,git-core,git-gui,gitk,gitweb}

Short Descriptions

git

is the stupid content tracker

git-cvsserver

is a CVS server emulator for Git

gitk

is a graphical Git repository browser (needs Tk-8.6.18)

git-receive-pack

is invoked by git send-pack and updates the repository with the information fed from the remote end

git-shell

is a login shell for SSH accounts to provide restricted Git access

git-upload-archive

is invoked by git archive --remote and sends a generated archive to the other end over the git protocol

git-upload-pack

is invoked by git fetch-pack, it discovers what objects the other side is missing, and sends them after packing

scalar

is a repository management tool that optimizes Git for use in large repositories